[Intro. to Psy Course Note] Ch 2
Brain and Behavior
What are the major divisions of the nervous system ?
- Parasympathetic (housekeeper)
- Sympathetic (trouble shooter)
How do nervous operate and communicate with each other ?
- 突觸跟一堆神經傳導物質 去看講義圖片
- if 失調
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Parkinson’s disease
- Schizophrenia 思覺失調症
- Autism
- Anxiety
- Depression
How does the nervous system change and grow ?
- Neuroplasticity
- Neurogenesis
How do the left and right hemispheres of the cerebral cortex differ ?
- Two halves => hemispheres
- Hemispheres are connected by corpus callosum(胼胝體)
- Hemispheres lateralization(側化): Certain functions are controlled more by the left or right hemispheres
- Spatial neglect 空間忽略
- May pay not attention to one side visual space
- May emerge in response to damage to one of the uhemispheres
- Hemispheric dominance: left-brain/right-brain dominant
- Handedness: right-handed 右利/left-handed 左利
- Split-brain 腦裂
- Corpus callosum is severed 切斷
- Male and female brain
- Men => front to back => go quickly from perception
- Women => side to side => rationality, intuition
What are the different functions of the lobes of the cerebral cortex ?
- Parietal lobe 頂葉
- Sensation: touch, temperature, pressure
- Occipital lobe 枕葉
- Final destination for visual information
- Temporal lobe 顳葉
- Posture, coordination, muscle tone, memory of skills and habits
- Hearing
- Frontal lobe 額葉
- Sense of self, motor control, higher mental abilities, cognitive activities
- Mirror neurons 鏡神經元: 同理心
- Motor cortex
- Voluntary muscles 隨意肌
- Frontal lobe
- Somatosensory cortex
- Parietal lobe: communicating with the opposite side of the body
- Auditory cortex
- Temporal lobe
- Visual cortex
- Occipital lobe
- Association cortex 聯合皮質
- High-level brain processes
What are the major parts of the subcortex ?
- Hindbrain 後腦
- Medulla 延髓
- Pons 橋腦
- Cerebellum 小腦
- Midbrain 中腦
- Connecting the hindbrain and forebrain
- Reticular formation: flows from the hindbrain through the midbrain
- Locked-in syndrome 閉鎖症候群
- Damage to the brainstem
- Is unable to move or communicate but still cognizant of what is happening around them
- Thalamus 視丘: sensory info
- Hypothalamus 下視丘: manage body’s internal state
- Cerebellum 小腦: regulates coordinated movement
- Brain stem: general alertness, warning system
- Limbic system 邊緣系統: regulates emotions and motivated behavior
- Hippocampus 海馬迴: memories
- Amygdala 杏仁核: emotion, aggression
- Hypothalamus 下視丘: 高級神經系統 內分泌控管
- Sending messages to the pituitary gland (腦下垂體)
How does the endocrine system affect behavior ?
- 去看講義 有圖有真相